July, 2010 news
July 30th, 2010
Sergio González
Jornada técnica sobre prevención y control de Listeria monocytogenes
La Oficina de Exportación de la Carne de España (OECE), en colaboración con el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino (MARM) y el Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social, organizarón esta jornada celebrada el 29 de julio
Lucas Domínguez moderó la mesa redonda donde se abordaron los aspectos técnicos más relevantes de interés para la industria, como la diversidad genética y persistencia de L. monocytogenes, Listeria en biofilms, experiencias en limpieza, controles analíticos en fábrica y las posibilidades de las altas presiones…
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July 29th, 2010
Via publiDB
Experimental infection of Eurasian wild boar with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium
Investigation article published in Veterinary microbiology
The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is increasingly relevant as a host for several pathogenic mycobacteria. We aimed to characterize the first experimental Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) infection in wild boar in order to describe the lesions and the immune response as compared to uninfected controls. Twelve 1-4-month-old wild boar piglets were housed in class III bio-containment facilities. Four concentrations of MAA suspension were used: 10, 10(2) and 10(4) mycobacteria (2 animals each, oropharyngeal route) and 2.5x10(6) mycobacteria (2 animals each by the oropharyngeal and nasal rou…
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July 29th, 2010
Via publiDB
Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Types II and III isolates by a combination of MIRU-VNTR loci
Investigation article published in Veterinary microbiology
Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units and variable number tandem repeats typing (MIRU-VNTR) is a useful technique that has been recently applied to characterize members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). The aim of this study was to examine the genetic variability among a collection of Spanish M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis) isolates with a combination of MIRU-VNTR loci. For this purpose we tested six MIRU-VNTR loci (MIRU-2, MIRU-3, VNTR-25, VNTR-32, VNTR-292 and VNTR-259) in 70 M. a. paratuberculosis isolates of Types II and III that were recovered f…
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July 13rd, 2010
Via publiDB
Kinetic analysis of ex vivo human blood infection by Leishmania
Investigation article published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
The leishmanioses, vector-borne diseases caused by the trypanosomatid protozoan Leishmania, are transmitted to susceptible mammals by infected phlebotomine sand flies that inoculate promastigotes into hemorrhagic pools created in host skin. We assumed that promastigotes are delivered to a blood pool, and analyzed early promastigote interactions (0–5 min) with host components, which lead to parasite endocytosis by blood leukocytes, and to host infection. Promastigotes were incubated with NHS or with heparinized blood in near-physiological conditions, and we used cell radioimmunoassay and flow c…
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July 9th, 2010
Via publiDB
Comparison of sensitivity (potential essays) of different European tuberculin PPD in cattle
Presentation by Carmen Casal Comendador to obtain the Master of Research. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid
La herramienta fundamental en la lucha contra la tuberculosis es el diagnóstico, ya que la detección de los animales positivos permite eliminarlos de la explotación, limitando en gran medida la fuente de infección para el resto animales. La prueba de diagnóstico oficial es la intradermotuberculinización (IDTB), consiste en la inoculación intradérmica de un derivado proteico purificado (PPD) obtenido a partir de M. bovis (en la prueba realizada en humanos, la PPD se obtiene a partir de M. tuberculosis). Es imprescindible que la PPD empleada en la práctica cumpla una serie de características res…
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July 9th, 2010
Via publiDB
Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates. Epidemiological distribution in Spain
Elena Castellanos Rizaldos defended the PhD Thesis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of de Complutense University of Madrid
Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease is a chronic granulomatous inflammation that mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract of domestic ruminants, although it also affects other animal species. The etiological agent is M. a. paratuberculosis, a member of the Mycobacterium avium complex.
The main objective of this thesis, which has been compiled in this summary, is the development and application of new rapid molecular tools to characterize M. a. paratuberculosis. This research is mainly focused on the description of new methodologies capable of discriminating the most slow-growing phe…
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July 4th, 2010
Via publiDB
Molecular epidemiology underlines the importance of Mycobacterium caprae in livestock and wildlife
Oral communication in 31st Annual Congress of the European Society of Mycobacteriology (ESM 2010)
Mycobacterium caprae (M. caprae) is a member of the M. tuberculosis complex which was first described as the main etiological agent of caprine tuberculosis in Spain. However, this pathogen can also infect other animal species and human beings.
In the present study we have characterised M. caprae isolates from 791 animals by DVR-spoligotyping. The diversity of spoligotypes based on the number of patterns (n=15) and discrimination index (D=0.58) is lower compared to M. bovis. Additionally, we used Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) typing when more than one spoligotype was observed in the sam…
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July 4th, 2010
Via publiDB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cattle
Poster communication in 31st Annual Congress of the European Society of Mycobacteriology (ESM 2010)
According to the EU Bovine Tuberculosis Task Force, bovine tuberculosis is the infection in cattle caused by any mycobacterial species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. However, M. bovis is considered the main etiological agent of the disease in animals. Tuberculosis in cattle due to the human pathogen, M. tuberculosis, is a rare event but the detection of this infection is increasing in countries where the prevalence of tuberculosis in humans is high.
In Spain, M. tuberculosis infection was detected in three cattle farms during compulsory skin test and/or bacteriological culture…
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July 4th, 2010
Via publiDB
Spanish database of animal mycobacteriosis (mycoDB): application in epidemiological studies
Conference in 31st Annual Congress of the European Society of Mycobacteriology (ESM 2010)
Epidemiological studies based on molecular characterization have allowed a better understanding of several factors as for example transmission between domestic and wildlife animals, animal movement, outbreaks, etc. The Direct Variable Repeat Spacer Oligonucleotide Typing technique or DVR-spoligotyping is based on polymorphism of the chromosomal DR locus, which consists of a variable number of direct repeats (DR) interspersed with nonrepetitive spacers. This technique is specific for bacterial species included in the M. tuberculosis complex and nowadays, this technique is the method of choice f…
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July 4th, 2010
Via publiDB
Gamma-inteferon assay for tuberculosis diagnosis in cattle and goats: study of factors affecting results of the assay
Poster presented in 31st Annual Congress of the European Society of Mycobacteriology (ESM 2010)
The gamma-interferon assay is as a useful tool (together with the tuberculin test) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle and goats. In these experiments, we have evaluated the effect of factors such as phenol concentration and dialysis of PPDs, delay in processing samples and use of single or duplicate results on the performance of the assay. Moreover, we have evaluated the influence of tuberculin test on gamma-interferon production in infected animals. Finally, presence of lesions and microbiological results have been correlated with the production of gamma-interferon. To assay the effe…
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July 4th, 2010
Via publiDB
Molecular techniques used to characterize Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, an up-date
Poster communication in 31st Annual Congress of the European Society of Mycobacteriology (ESM 2010)
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a world-wide microorganism that causes paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease in many animal species, mainly ruminants. The role of this agent in the development of Crohn’s disease in humans has been discussed although this hypothesis still remains controversial.
M. a. paratuberculosis is difficult to isolate due to long time incubation periods and culture requirements and it has been divided into three groups or clusters: Type I (‘sheep’ or ‘S’ type), Type II (‘cattle’ or ‘C’ type) and Type III (‘intermediate’ or ‘I’). This classification has b…
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July 1st, 2010
Via publiDB
Immunohistochemical Detection of Bluetongue Virus in Fixed Tissue
Journal of Comparative Pathology publish this investigation article
The VP7 structural protein is the most abundant of the major core proteins and is highly conserved in all serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). The aim of this study was to develop immunohistochemical techniques for the detection of BTV VP7 in Bouin`s- and formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded tissues from small ruminants (sheep and goats) naturally infected with BTV. Tissue samples were taken from animals in which BTV infection had been confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Optimal results were obtained by incubation of monoclonal antibody 2E9 on samples fixed with B…
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July 1st, 2010
Via publiDB
Evaluating surveillance in wild birds by the application of risk assessment of avian influenza introduction into Spain
Epidemiology and Infections publish this investigation article
Early detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in its natural reservoirs is a prerequisite for preventing disease spread to humans. The risk of introduction of H5N1 HPAI was assessed in order to design a risk-based surveillance system in Spain. Areas at highest risk for H5N1 HPAI followed a northeast-southwest direction, with two significant clusters located in the north and the southwest of the country. Most (83%) of the veterinary units (VUs) obtained fewer samples than would have been expected if samples had been collected using a risk-based design. In October 2009, a HPAI outb…
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